Our Experts
Scott Samuelsen
- UGSRBS, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19601964
- GSRMS, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19641965
- GSRPhD, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19651970
- UGSRBS, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19601964
- GSRMS, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19641965
- GSRPhD, Mechanical EngineeringUC Berkeley19651970
- Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUC Irvine19701976
- Associate ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUC Irvine19761982
- ProfessorDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUC Irvine19822021
- DirectorAdvanced Power and Energy ProgramUC Irvine20002020
- Faculty AssociateITS-IrvineUC Irvine2005
- Professor EmeritusDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSamueli School of EngineeringUC Irvine2021
Dr. Scott Samuelsen, Professor Emeritus, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering is interested in energy conversion, fuel cells, combustion, fuel sprays, laser diagnostics, air quality, turbulent transport, alternative fuels, the modeling of reacting flows, practical energy systems, and the conflict between energy and the environment. Dr. Samuelsen’s current research activity focuses on energy generation, distribution and utilization, and includes the production of electricity, motive power and propulsive power from both fuel cells, gas turbines and hybrids of both. His work also explores the environmental impact of these energy systems, the dynamic between energy generation and atmospheric quality, and the development of environmentally preferred, high-efficiency energy generation integrated into buildings and building complexes. Dr. Samuelsen is the former Director of the Horiba Institute for Mobility and Connectivity (HiMAC) and the former director of the Advanced Power and Energy Program (APEP) which encompasses the National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC), the UCI Combustion Lab (UCICL) and the Pacific Rim Consortium on Energy Combustion, and the Environment (PARCON).
Contact
Email:
gss@apep.uci.eduRelated Information
ITS Affiliations
- Faculty Associate
- Advised PhD Graduates
- Project PI
- Product Author
- Project Member
Recent Projects
Research Team:
Scott Samuelsen (lead), Kate Forrest
Department(s):
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Research Team:
Scott Samuelsen (lead), Michael Mackinnon, Shupeng Zhu, Kai Wu, Kate Forrest
Department(s):
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Research Team:
Scott Samuelsen (lead), Jeff Reed
Department(s):
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Recent Research Products
Emissions and air quality implications of decarbonizing the natural gas system with renewable hydrogen
Fuel
Publications
Note: Publications listed below are generally limited to those associated activity during Scott Samuelsen's affiliation with ITS-Irvine. The list may be incomplete. For a more comprehensive list, please visit their Google Scholar profile or consult other data sources in their Related Information.
Journal Articles
- Michael Mac Kinnon, Shupeng Zhu, Yan Zhao, Andres Colorado, Vince McDonell, Kai Wu and G.S. Samuelsen (2025) “Emissions and air quality implications of decarbonizing the natural gas system with renewable hydrogen”, Fuel, 390, p. 134702. Available at: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134702. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Shupeng Zhu, Kai Wu, Michael Mac Kinnon, Jun Wu and Scott Samuelsen (2024) “Modeling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations from wildfires in California”, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 352, p. 110043. Available at: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2024.110043. [ITS-Irvine record]
- B. Hudson, G. Razeghi and S. Samuelsen (2024) “Mitigating impacts associated with a high-penetration of plug-in electric vehicles on local residential smart grid infrastructure”, Journal of Power Sources, 593, p. 233961. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.233961. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Jeffrey Reed, Emily Dailey, Amber Fong and G. Scott Samuelsen (2022) “Time-phased geospatial siting analysis for renewable hydrogen production facilities under a billion-kilogram-scale build-out using California as an example”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(66), pp. 28224–28243. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.179. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Michael Mac Kinnon, Shupeng Zhu, Alejandra Cervantes, Donald Dabdub and G.S. Samuelsen (2021) “Benefits of near-zero freight: The air quality and health impacts of low-NOx compressed natural gas trucks”, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 71(11), pp. 1428–1444. Available at: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1957727. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Zachary D. Asher, Amol A. Patil, Van T. Wifvat, Andrew A. Frank, G. Scott Samuelsen and Thomas H. Bradley (2019) “Identification and review of the research gaps preventing a realization of optimal energy management strategies in vehicles”, SAE Int. J. Alt. Power., 8(2), pp. pp 133–149. Available at: 10.4271/08-08-02-0009. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Shupeng Zhu, Michael Mac Kinnon, Brendan P. Shaffer, G.S. Samuelsen, Jacob Brouwer and Donald Dabdub (2019) “An uncertainty for clean air: Air quality modeling implications of underestimating VOC emissions in urban inventories”, Atmospheric Environment, 211, pp. 256–267. Available at: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.05.019. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Shupeng Zhu, Jeremy R. Horne, Michael Mac Kinnon, G.S. Samuelsen and Donald Dabdub (2019) “Comprehensively assessing the drivers of future air quality in California”, Environment International, 125, pp. 386–398. Available at: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.007. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Michael Mac Kinnon, Shupeng Zhu, Marc Carreras-Sospedra, James V. Soukup, Donald Dabdub, G.S. Samuelsen and Jacob Brouwer (2019) “Considering future regional air quality impacts of the transportation sector”, Energy Policy, 124, pp. 63–80. Available at: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.09.011. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Van Wifvat, Brendan Shaffer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2018) “A review of sensor technologies for automotive fuel economy benefits”, SAE Intl. J CAV, 2(1), pp. 5–16. Available at: 10.4271/12-02-01-0001. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Daniel Jaimes, Vincent G. McDonell and G. Scott Samuelsen (2018) “Lean flammability limits of Syngas/Air mixtures at elevated temperatures and pressures”, Energy & fuels : an American Chemical Society journal, 32(10), pp. 10964–10973. Available at: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02031. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Blake Lane, Brendan Shaffer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2017) “Plug-in fuel cell electric vehicles: A California case study”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(20), pp. 14294–14300. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.03.035. [ITS-Irvine record]
- G. Scott Samuelsen (2017) “The automotive future belongs to fuel cells range, adaptability, and refueling time will ultimately put hydrogen fuel cells ahead of batteries”, IEEE Spectrum, 54(2), pp. 38–43. Available at: 10.1109/mspec.2017.7833504. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi and Scott Samuelsen (2016) “Impacts of plug-in electric vehicles in a balancing area”, Applied Energy, 183, pp. 1142–1156. Available at: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.063. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Michael Mac Kinnon, Brendan Shaffer, Marc Carreras-Sospedra, Donald Dabdub, G.S. Samuelsen and Jacob Brouwer (2016) “Air quality impacts of fuel cell electric hydrogen vehicles with high levels of renewable power generation”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(38), pp. 16592–16603. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.054. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi, Jack Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2016) “A spatially and temporally resolved model of the electricity grid – Economic vs environmental dispatch”, Applied Energy, 178, pp. 540–556. Available at: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.066. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Li Zhang, Brendan Shaffer, Tim Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2015) “The optimization of DC fast charging deployment in California”, Applied Energy, 157, pp. 111–122. Available at: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.057. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Peter J. Willette, Brendan Shaffer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2015) “Systematic selection and siting of vehicle fueling infrastructure to synergistically meet future demands for alternative fuels”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 137(6). Available at: 10.1115/1.4031041. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Andrew S. Martinez, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2015) “Comparative analysis of SOFC–GT freight locomotive fueled by natural gas and diesel with onboard reformation”, Applied Energy, 148, pp. 421–438. Available at: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.093. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Jee Eun Kang, Tim Brown, Will W. Recker and G. Scott Samuelsen (2014) “Refueling hydrogen fuel cell vehicles with 68 proposed refueling stations in California: Measuring deviations from daily travel patterns”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(7), pp. 3444–3449. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.167. [ITS-Irvine record]
- G.S. Samuelsen, J. Brouwer, M.A. Vardakas and J.D. Holdeman (2012) “Experimental and modeling investigation of the effect of air preheat on the formation of NOx in an RQL combustor”, Heat and Mass Transfer, 49(2), pp. 219–231. Available at: 10.1007/s00231-012-1080-0. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Tim Brown, Shane Stephens-Romero and G. Scott Samuelsen (2012) “Quantitative analysis of a successful public hydrogen station”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37(17), pp. 12731–12740. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.06.008. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Andrew S. Martinez, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2012) “Feasibility study for SOFC-GT hybrid locomotive power part II. System packaging and operating route simulation”, Journal of Power Sources, 213, pp. 358–374. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.023. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Andrew S. Martinez, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2012) “Feasibility study for SOFC-GT hybrid locomotive power: Part I. Development of a dynamic 3.5 MW SOFC-GT FORTRAN model”, JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES, 213, pp. 203–217. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.024. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Allie E. Auld, Jack Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2012) “Analysis and visualization method for understanding the voltage effect of distributed energy resources on the electric power system”, Electric Power Systems Reserch, 82(1), pp. 44–53. Available at: 10.1016/j.epsr.2011.08.012. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi, Tim Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “The impact of plug-in vehicles on greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants emissions in an urban air shed using a spatially and temporally resolved dispatch model”, Journal of Power Sources, 196(23), pp. 10387–10394. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.08.043. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Shane D. Stephens-Romero, Tim M. Brown, Marc Carreras-Sospedra, Jee E. Kang, Jacob Brouwer, Donald Dabdub, Wilfred W. Recker and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Projecting full build-out environmental impacts and roll-out strategies associated with viable hydrogen fueling infrastructure strategies”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(22), pp. 14309–14323. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.08.005. [ITS-Irvine record]
- James D. Maclay, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Experimental results for hybrid energy storage systems coupled to photovoltaic generation in residential applications”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36(19), pp. 12130–12140. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.089. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Li Zhang, Tim Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Fuel reduction and electricity consumption impact of different charging scenarios for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles”, Journal of Power Sources, 196(15), pp. 6559–6566. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.003. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Li Zhang, Tim Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Evaluation and modification of constant volume sampler based procedure for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle testing”, SAE Int. J. Alt. Power., 1(2), pp. 542–559. Available at: 10.4271/2011-01-1750. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Mu Li, Jacob Brouwer, Ashok D. Rao and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Application of a detailed dimensional solid oxide fuel cell model in integrated gasification fuel cell system design and analysis”, Journal of Power Sources, 196(14), pp. 5903–5912. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.080. [ITS-Irvine record]
- James D. Maclay, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Development of a dynamic cathode ejector model for solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid systems”, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 8(5). Available at: 10.1115/1.4003774. [ITS-Irvine record]
- James D. Maclay, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2011) “Diurnal temperature and pressure effects on axial turbomachinery stability in solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid systems”, Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology, 8(3). Available at: 10.1115/1.4003163. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Mu LI, Ashok D. Rao, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2010) “Design of highly efficient coal-based integrated gasification fuel cell power plants”, Journal of Power Sources, 195(17), pp. 5707–5718. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.045. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Karel H. Jansen, Tim M. Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2010) “Emissions impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle deployment on the U.S. western grid”, Journal of Power Sources, 195(16), pp. 5409–5416. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.03.013. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Shane D. Stephens-Romero, Tim M. Brown, Jee E. Kang, Wilfred W. Recker and G. Scott Samuelsen (2010) “Systematic planning to optimize investments in hydrogen infrastructure deployment”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35(10), pp. 4652–4667. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.02.024. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Allie E. Auld, Keyue M. Smedley, Fabian Mueller, Jack Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2010) “Load-following active power filter for a solid oxide fuel cell supported load”, Journal of Power Sources, 195(7), pp. 1905–1913. Available at: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.005. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Rory A. Roberts, Jack Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2009) “Fuel Cell/Gas turbine hybrid system control for daily load profile and ambient condition variation”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 132(1). Available at: 10.1115/1.2833489. [ITS-Irvine record]
- S Stephensromero and G Samuelsen (2009) “Demonstration of a novel assessment methodology for hydrogen infrastructure deployment”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34(2), pp. 628–641. Available at: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.10.045. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Mark Williams and Scott Samuelsen (2006) “Beginning the transformation”, Mechanical Engineering, 128(05), pp. 40–43. Available at: 10.1115/1.2006-may-4. [ITS-Irvine record]
Conference Papers
- Kate Forrest, Blake Lane, Brian Tarroja, Michael Mac Kinnon and G. Scott Samuelsen (2022) “Emissions and Air Quality Implications of Enabling OnRoad Vehicles as Flexible Load through Widescale Zero Emission Vehicle Deployment in California”. 101st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Philipp Ahrend, Ali Azizi, Jacob Brouwer and G. Scott Samuelsen (2019) “A solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid system for a freight rail application”, in ASME 2019 13th international conference on energy sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Available at: 10.1115/es2019-3906. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Van Wifvat, Brendan Shaffer and Scott Samuelsen (2018) “A planning tool to assess advanced vehicle sensor technologies on traffic flow, fuel economy, and emissions”, in SAE technical paper series. SAE International. Available at: 10.4271/2018-01-1100. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Zachary D. Asher, Van Wifvat, Anthony Navarro, G. Scott Samuelsen and Thomas Bradley (2017) “The importance of HEV fuel economy and two research gaps preventing real world implementation of optimal energy management”, in SAE technical paper series. SAE International. Available at: 10.4271/2017-26-0106. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Li Zhao, Jacob Brouwer and Scott Samuelsen (2014) “Dynamic analysis of a Self-Sustainable renewable hydrogen fueling station”, in ASME 2014 12th international conference on fuel cell science, engineering and technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Available at: 10.1115/fuelcell2014-6330. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Brendan Shaffer, Brian Tarroja and G. Scott Samuelsen (2014) “Advancing toward sustainability goals at the university of california, Irvine”, in Volume 1: Combined energy cycles, CHP, CCHP, and smart grids; concentrating solar power, solar thermochemistry and thermal energy storage; geothermal, ocean, and emerging energy technologies; hydrogen energy technologies; Low/Zero emission power plants and carbon sequestration; photovoltaics; wind energy systems and technologies. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Available at: 10.1115/es2014-6453. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Peter J. Willette, G. Scott Samuelsen and Brendan Shaffer (2014) “Systematic selection and siting of vehicle fueling infrastructure to synergistically meet future demands for alternative fuels”, in Volume 2: Economic, environmental, and policy aspects of alternate energy; fuels and infrastructure, biofuels and energy storage; high performance buildings; solar buildings, including solar climate Control/Heating/Cooling; sustainable cities and communities, including transportation; thermofluid analysis of energy systems, including exergy and thermoeconomics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Available at: 10.1115/es2014-6452. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Li Zhang, Tim Brown and G. Scott Samuelsen (2012) “Evaluation and modification of constant volume sampler based procedure for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle testing”, in Proceedings of the SAE international powertrains, fuels and lubricants meeting, lKyoto, japan. SAE International, pp. pp 542–559. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Matt Heling, Jean-Daniel Saphores and G. Scott Samuelsen (2009) “User characteristics and responses to shared-use station car program: Analysis of ZEV-NET in orange county, California”, in Proceedings of the 88th annual meeting of the transportation research board, p. 17p. [ITS-Irvine record]
Technical Reports
- Michael MacKinnon, Kai Wu and Scott Samuelsen (2025) Maximizing the Air Quality and Environmental Justice Benefits of Zero Emission Off-road Vehicles and Equipment in California. Available at: https://ezid.cdlib.org/id/doi:10.7922/G21Z42SX (Accessed: September 16, 2025). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Craig Rindt, Mingqi Yao, Naila Sharmeen, Andre Tok, Stephen G. Ritchie, Blake Lane, Kate Forrest, Mike MacKinnon, Scott Samuelsen, Bo Liu, Kanok Boriboonsomsin, Abdullah Fuad Un-Noor, Suman Mitra, Farzana Mehzabin Tuli and Vuban Chowdhury (2023) Low-Carbon Transportation Incentive Strategies Using Performance Evaluation Tools for Heavy-Duty Trucks and Off-Road Equipment. Draft Final Report. California Air Resources Board / Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Irvine. Available at: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/IV.3%20-%2019rd026-dfr-rsc_final_2023_12_20_clean.pdf. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi, Jennifer Lee and G. Scott Samuelsen (2021) Resiliency Impacts of Plug-in Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4j19d5p1 (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ali Azizi, Philipp Ahrend, G. Scott Samuelsen and Jack Brouwer (2019) Prototype design and evaluation of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine systems for use in locomotives, p. 124p. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Analy Castillo, Brian Tarroja and G. Scott Samuelsen (2019) Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental and Economic Impacts of Deploying Alternative Urban Bus Powertrain Technologies in the South Coast Air Basin. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81f4361x (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Michael MacKinnon, Brendan Shaffer, Alejandra Cervantes and G. Scott Samuelsen (2017) Evaluation of the Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Benefits of an Advanced Low‐NOx Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Engine in Medium and Heavy‐Duty Vehicles in California. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9841k55n (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
Policy Briefs
- Michael MacKinnon, Kai Wu and Scott Samuelsen (2025) Switching to Zero Emission Off-Road Vehicles and Equipment Has Significant Air Quality and Environmental Justice Benefits in California. Policy Brief. Available at: https://ezid.cdlib.org/id/doi:10.7922/G2X63K9Z (Accessed: September 16, 2025). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi and G. Scott Samuelsen (2021) Can Plug-in Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid Improve Resiliency?. Policy Brief. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wg2x1jn (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Ghazal Razeghi and Scott Samuelsen (2021) Can Plug-in Electric Vehicles in a Smart Grid Improve Resiliency?. Policy Brief. UC ITS. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7922/g2hm56qz. [ITS-Irvine record]
- Scott Samuelsen (2019) Electrified Buses Provide Life Cycle Environmental Benefits but Need Cost Reductions and Policy Support for Near-Term Adoption. Policy Brief. UC ITS. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7922/g2vt1qcb. [ITS-Irvine record]
- G. Scott Samuelsen (2019) Electrified Buses Provide Life Cycle Environmental Benefits but Need Cost Reductions and Policy Support for Near-Term Adoption. Policy Brief. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/504062dq (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Michael MacKinnon, Brendan Shaffer, Alejandra Cervantes and G. Scott Samuelsen (2017) Advanced Low-NOx Compressed Natural Gas Engines in Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Are Poised to Deliver Air Quality Benefits and Advance California’s Climate Goals. Policy Brief. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37b8s5dj (Accessed: October 11, 2023). [ITS-Irvine record]
- Alejandra Cervantes, Brendan Shaffer, Michael MacKinnon and Scott Samuelsen (2017) Advanced Low-NOx Compressed Natural Gas Engines in Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles Are Poised to Deliver Air Quality Benefits and Advance California’s Climate Goals. Policy Brief. UC ITS. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7922/g2gm85ng. [ITS-Irvine record]
Working Papers
- Matt G. Heling, Jean-Daniel Saphores and G. Scott Samuelsen (2008) User Characteristics and Reponses to a Shared-Use Station Car Program: An Analysis of ZEV•NET in Orange County, CA. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-08-1. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8tw5f21p. [ITS-Irvine record]