Project Summary
Integrating automated, connected, electric, and shared (ACES) shuttles into existing public transit networks offers a transformative opportunity to revitalize transit; however, significant socio-behavioral and regulatory hurdles remain. This project will evaluate the viability of ACES shuttles for first-mile/last-mile connectivity and transit service on shorter lines through a three-phased approach. First, using an Ipsos panel representative of California households, the research team will survey public perceptions, willingness-to-use, and pricing sensitivities regarding ACES micro-transit, while contrasting these preferences with commercial robotaxis across various trip types. Survey data will be analyzed using discrete choice models, paying specific attention to transit-dependent users to ensure equitable deployment. Second, in collaboration with the ACES Mobility Coalition, this research will analyze the state and federal regulatory frameworks currently constraining ACES shuttle deployment. By benchmarking against successful regulatory adaptations in selected countries, the research will isolate key legal bottlenecks and propose actionable policy interventions. Finally, the research team will examine workforce development initiatives established by coalition partners to identify pathways for training the technical personnel required for ACES operations and maintenance. Ultimately, this project will deliver a data-driven roadmap to help transit agencies and policymakers streamline regulatory pathways, mitigate labor displacement, and foster public acceptance for autonomous shared mobility in California.