published journal article

Travel Probability Fields and Urban Spatial Structure: 1. Theory

Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space

Publication Date

May 1, 1983

Author(s)

M J Beckmann, Thomas Golob, Y Zahavi

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Abstract

The proposed model attempts to explain how particular spatial distributions of trip destinations might arise as manifestations of the accessibility benefits and travel costs associated with a housing location. The trip distributions are elliptical, being expressed as bivariate normal distributions. The parameters of these distributions are shown to be related to the parameters of an assumed density function for activity sites (such as jobs and shops) and to travel speeds. The model implies a housing density function in a monocentric urban area which is negative exponential.

Suggested Citation

M J Beckmann, T F Golob and Y Zahavi (1983) “Travel Probability Fields and Urban Spatial Structure: 1. Theory”, Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 15(5), pp. 593–606. Available at: 10.1068/a150593.

published journal article

The association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Environmental Research

Publication Date

November 1, 2021

Author(s)

David Bogumil, Anna H. Wu, Daniel Stram, Johnny Yang, Chiu-Chen Tseng, Loïc Le Marchand, Jun Wu, Iona Cheng, Veronica Wendy Setiawan

View published journal article

Abstract

Background Prior studies examining the association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer have been conducted in racially/ethnically homogeneous samples and have produced mixed results, with some studies supporting evidence of an association with fine particulate matter. Methods To further investigate these findings, we estimated exposure levels of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX, and NO2) using kriging interpolation for 100,527 men and women from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, residing largely in Los Angeles County from 1993 through 2013. We measured the association between these air pollutants and incident pancreatic cancer using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying pollutant measures, with adjustment for confounding factors. Results A total of 821 incident pancreatic cancer and 1,660,488 person-years accumulated over the study period, with an average follow-up time of over 16 years. PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3) was associated with incident pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09, 2.37). This PM2.5 -association was strongest among Latinos (HR = 3.59; 95% CI, 1.60, 8.06) and ever smokers (HR = 1.76; 95% CI, 1.05, 2.94). There was no association for PM10 (HR = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.94, 1.32, per 10 μg/m3), NOx (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88, 1.48, per 50 ppb), or NO2 (HR = 1.14; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.54, per 20 ppb). Conclusions Our findings support prior research identifying an association between fine particulate matter, PM2.5, and pancreatic cancer. Although not statistically heterogeneous, this association was most notable among Latinos and smokers. Future studies are needed to replicate these results in an urban setting and in a racially/ethnically diverse population.

Suggested Citation

David Bogumil, Anna H. Wu, Daniel Stram, Juan Yang, Chiu-Chen Tseng, Loïc Le Marchand, Jun Wu, Iona Cheng and Veronica Wendy Setiawan (2021) “The association between ambient air pollutants and pancreatic cancer in the Multiethnic Cohort Study”, Environmental Research, 202, p. 111608. Available at: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111608.

published journal article

Thinking styles affect reactions to brand crisis apologies

European Journal of Marketing

Publication Date

July 1, 2016

Author(s)

Lei Wang, Siming Wang, Robin Keller, Jie Li

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Suggested Citation

Liangyan Wang, Shijian Wang, L. Robin Keller and Jie Li (2016) “Thinking styles affect reactions to brand crisis apologies”, European Journal of Marketing, 50(7/8), pp. 1263–1289. Available at: 10.1108/ejm-07-2014-0457.

conference paper

On the realism of lidar spoofing attacks against autonomous driving vehicle at high speed and long distance

Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS)x

Publication Date

January 1, 2025

Author(s)

Takami Sato, Ryo Suzuki, Yuki Hayakawa, Kazuma Ikeda, Ozora Sako, Rokuto Nagata, Ryo Yoshida, Qi Alfred Chen, Kentaro Yoshioka

Areas of Expertise

Intelligent Transportation Systems, Emerging Technologies, & Big Data

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Suggested Citation

Takami Sato, Ryo Suzuki, Yuki Hayakawa, Kazuma Ikeda, Ozora Sako, Rokuto Nagata, Ryo Yoshida, Qi Alfred Chen and Kentaro Yoshioka (2025) “On the realism of lidar spoofing attacks against autonomous driving vehicle at high speed and long distance”, in Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS)x. Available at: https://www-test.ics.uci.edu/~alfchen/pubs/takami_ndss25.pdf (Accessed: August 21, 2025).

book/book chapter

Urban Decline and the Future of American Cities:

Publication Date

January 1, 2011

Author(s)

Katharine L Bradbury, Anthony Downs, Kenneth Small

View book/book chapter

Abstract

During the past two decades, most large American cities have lost population, yet some have continued to grow. Does this trend foreshadow the death” of our largest cities? Or is urban decline a temporary phenomenon likely to be reversed by high energy costs? This ambitious book tackles these questions by analyzing the nature and extent of urban decline and growth of large U.S. cities. It includes and integrates five substudies. The first examines urban decline and some of its long-run causes, and whether cities that are losing population are performing their economic and social functions less effectively. The second substudy is a multivariate analysis of factors associated with the growth and decline of 121 large U.S. cities and their metropolitan areas. Although its causes vary, urban decline appears closely related to processes that have both upgraded individual households and generated serious problems for city governments and poor neighborhoods. A third substudy shows that neighborhood decline is part of a systematic process related to the influx of poor households into metropolitan areas. Another substudy simulates five antidecline strategies in a single metropolitan area, that of Cleveland, Ohio, and finds that severe decline (occurring in about one-fourth of large U.S. cities) could be slowed, though not stopped by vigorous policies. From the last substudy it emerges that, even if gasoline prices rose to over $2 a gallon, resulting adjustments by commuters and firms would produce little net centralization of future urban developmentthough many older neighborhoods would probably be rehabilitated. The book concludes that further losses of population and jobs in most severely declining cities are unavoidable in the near future. Even Southern and Western cities, now growing fast, will find their rate of growth slowing as further annexation of surrounding territory is limited. The book ends with two chapters discussing policies designed both to help declining population and job losses and to minimize such loses in other cities.

Suggested Citation

Katharine L Bradbury, Anthony Downs and Kenneth A. Small (2011) Urban Decline and the Future of American Cities:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Available at: https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/index.php?doi=10.5771/9780815719601 (Accessed: August 20, 2025).

MS Thesis

Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Impacts Associated with Zero and Near-Zero Heavy-Duty Vehicles in California / by Alejandra Cervantes.

Publication Date

January 1, 2017

Author(s)

Alejandra Cervantes

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Abstract

California’s transportation and power generation sectors emit more than 50 percent of the state’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The state GHG emission mitigation goals include reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Additionally, to improve air quality throughout the state, aggressive criteria pollutant emission standards have been established for both sectors. Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable fuels is one strategy to meet these environmental goals. Landfills and wastewater treatment plants are a source for the production of alternative fuels like renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen (H2) which could then be used in either sector. To evaluate this strategy, the impact on GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and on air quality resulting from the production and use of RNG in zero or near-zero emission medium-duty vehicles (MDV) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) are analyzed. The research reveals that (1) RNG produced from biogas is the most cost effective strategy to utilize the limited resource of biogas available in California even though H2 is the most attractive fuel, (2) the transportation sector is the more effective sector for the use of RNG fuel, (3) MDV and HDV outfitted with commercially available near-zero emission CNG engines with RNG results in substantial reductions in both GHG and criteria pollutant emissions, and significantly improves air quality than the use of H2 in LDV, and (4) the reductions in GHG and criteria pollutant emissions and improvements in air quality exceed those achieved with the MDV and HDV populations envisioned by the State Implementation Plan (SIP)

Suggested Citation

Alejandra Cervantes (2017) Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Impacts Associated with Zero and Near-Zero Heavy-Duty Vehicles in California / by Alejandra Cervantes.. MS Thesis. University of California, Irvine. Available at: https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/17uq3m8/alma991011995559704701.

conference paper

Two Rode, But Not Together: Gender Commuting Trade-Offs in Two-Worker Households

Transportation Research Board 103rd Annual Meeting

Publication Date

January 1, 2024

Author(s)

Md Islam, Jean-Daniel Saphores

Suggested Citation

Md Islam and Jean-Daniel Saphores (2024) “Two Rode, But Not Together: Gender Commuting Trade-Offs in Two-Worker Households”. Transportation Research Board 103rd Annual Meeting.

published journal article

Valuing Sequences of Lives Lost or Saved Over Time: Preference for Uniform Sequences

Decision Analysis

Publication Date

March 1, 2020

Author(s)

Jeffery L. Guyse, Robin Keller, Candice H. Huynh

View published journal article

Abstract

Policymakers often make decisions involving human-mortality risks and monetary outcomes that span across different time periods and horizons. Many projects or environmental-regulation policies involving risks to life, such as toxic exposures, are experienced over time. The preferences of individuals on lives lost or saved over time should be understood to implement effective policies. Using a within-subject survey design, we investigated our participants’ elicited preferences (in the form of ratings) for sequences of lives saved or lost over time at the participant level. The design of our study allowed us to directly observe the possible preference patterns of negative time discounting or a preference for spreading from the responses. Additionally, we embedded factors associated with three other prevalent anomalies of intertemporal choice (gain/loss asymmetry, short/long asymmetry, and the absolute magnitude effect) into our study for control. We find that our participants exhibit three of the anomalies: preference for spreading, absolute magnitude effect, and short/long-term asymmetry. Furthermore, fitting the data collected, Loewenstein and Prelec’s model for the valuation of sequences of outcomes allowed for a more thorough understanding of the factors influencing the individual participants’ preferences. Based on the results, the standard discounting model does not accurately reflect the value that some people place on sequences of mortality outcomes. Preferences for uniform sequences should be considered in policymaking rather than applying the standard discounting model.

Suggested Citation

Jeffery L. Guyse, L. Robin Keller and Candice H. Huynh (2020) “Valuing Sequences of Lives Lost or Saved Over Time: Preference for Uniform Sequences”, Decision Analysis, 17(1), pp. 24–38. Available at: 10.1287/deca.2019.0397.

conference paper

UAV integrity monitoring measure improvement using terrestrial signals of opportunity

Proceedings of the 32nd international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS+ 2019)

Publication Date

October 1, 2019

Author(s)

Mahdi Maaref, Zaher Kassas

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Suggested Citation

Mahdi Maaref and Zaher M. Kassas (2019) “UAV integrity monitoring measure improvement using terrestrial signals of opportunity”, in Proceedings of the 32nd international technical meeting of the satellite division of the institute of navigation (ION GNSS+ 2019). Institute of Navigation, pp. 3045–3056. Available at: 10.33012/2019.17009.

book/book chapter

Conclusion: Reflections and Lessons from the Pandemic

Publication Date

January 1, 2023

Author(s)

Alexandre M. Bayen, R. (Jay) Jayakrishnan, Giovanni Circella, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris

View book/book chapter

Abstract

This concluding chapter presents a summary of the research findings in the previous chapters, along with some reflections for each of the five themes of the book and a discussion of necessary future responses (post-pandemic or in the event of a new pandemic) and topics that require further exploration. The pandemic brought into sharp relief pre-existing social disparities and affected vulnerable populations the most. The economic impacts of the pandemic were diverse and varied by geography, but again certain geographies and economic sectors were more buffered from negative outcomes than others. A lesson and a challenge for policymakers is to find ways to understand and reduce these disparities, instead of pushing them under the rug. The impacts on mobility and travel were dramatic as total trips decreased, transit usage fell dramatically, and telecommuting and active modes of transportation increased. Some positive impacts included an improved air quality, a reduced number of traffic crashes, and a proliferation of walking and biking in some neighbourhoods. As cities are slowly recovering from the pandemic, the challenge is to keep the positive impacts but also find ways to help the transit industry rebound from its plunge. Long-term impacts of the pandemic in terms of changing patterns of work and work arrangements, shopping, recreation, and other human activities that will affect travel need additional time and more research to discern.

Suggested Citation

Alexandre M. Bayen, R. Jayakrishnan, Giovanni Circella and Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris (2023) “Conclusion: Reflections and Lessons from the Pandemic”, in A. Loukaitou-Sideris, A.M. Bayen, G. Circellaand R. Jayakrishnan (eds.) Pandemic in the Metropolis: Transportation Impacts and Recovery. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic), pp. 333–345. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00148-2_21 (Accessed: October 5, 2023).