Archives: Research Products

working paper

Aggression on Roadways

Publication Date

June 1, 1989

Associated Project

Author(s)

Raymond Novaco

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-90-5, UCTC 16

Areas of Expertise

Travel Behavior, Land Use, & the Built Environment
View working paper

Abstract

Aggression and the automobile have had a long standing association, yet research on aggressive behavior has neglected the roadway context. This chapter reviews existing work which has included archival analysis, field interview studies, personality research, and field experiments. Among the recurrent themes have been the relationship between aggressivity in driving to accident liability and to violence in the larger social context. Validity issues in road aggression research are discussed, and a typology of roadway aggression is presented. The typology maps a range of contemporary forms, most of which have never been investigated scientifically and have received sparse academic attention otherwise, despite having high social and scientific relevance. Disinhibiting influences that heighten the probability of roadway aggression are discussed.

Suggested Citation
Raymond W. Novaco (1989) Aggression on Roadways. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-90-5, UCTC 16. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w38m6z8.

Related Publications

working paper | Jul 1991

The Effectiveness of Ridesharing Incentives: Discrete-Choice Models of Commuting in Southern California

working paper | Aug 1990

Using Longitudinal Methods for Analysis of a Short-Term Transportation Demonstration Project

working paper | May 1990

Simultaneous Equation Systems Involving Binary Choice Variables

working paper | Sep 1991

Court Intervention, The Consent Decree, and The Century Freeway

working paper | Jun 1991

Home Environment Consequences of Commute Travel Impedance

working paper | Sep 1991

A Simultaneous Dynamic Travel And Activites Time Allocation Model

working paper

Summary Analysis of Potential Differences Between Truck-Involved and Non-Truck Involved Freeway Crashes

Publication Date

October 1, 1991

Author(s)

John Leonard, Will Recker

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-91-10

Areas of Expertise

Infrastructure Delivery, Operations, & Resilience Safety, Public Health, & Mobility Justice
View working paper

Abstract

This working paper reports initial results of a set of analyses investigating differences between non-truck involved and truck-involved crashes. Data was selected from the California Department of Transportation TASAS accident reporting system. Results indicate that there are differences in primary collision factors (as assigned by the California Highway Patrol through issuance of traffic citations) between truck-involved and non-truck-involved crashes in the vicinity of freeway interchanges. “Speeding’ in truck-involved crashes is cited at approximately one-half its rate for non-truck-involved crashes. Additionally, there is no statistical difference in the appearance of the “Uninvolved Motorist” TASAS party designation between truck and non-truck-involved crashes.

Suggested Citation
John D. Leonard and Wilfred W. Recker (1991) Summary Analysis of Potential Differences Between Truck-Involved and Non-Truck Involved Freeway Crashes. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-91-10. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2pg5s74s.

published journal article

Without a ride in car country – A comparison of carless households in Germany and California

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Publication Date

March 1, 2018

Author(s)

Kathrin Kuhne, Suman Mitra, Jean-Daniel Saphores
View published journal article

Abstract

One approach to making transportation more sustainable is to transition away from a car-oriented society. Unfortunately, our understanding of the factors that prompt households to voluntarily forgo their motor vehicles is limited. The 2008 Mobility in Germany (MiD) and the 2012 California Household Travel Survey (CHTS) provide an opportunity to start filling this gap by teasing out what built environment and socio-economic variables impact the likelihood that a household is carless (voluntarily or not) in Germany and in California, two car-dependent societies with different carless rates. Results from our generalized structural equation models show that in both Germany and California, households who reside in denser neighborhoods, closer to transit stations, and who have a lower income or fewer children, are more likely to be voluntarily carless. However, households with more education are more likely to be voluntarily carless in Germany, whereas the reverse is true in California. Moreover, employment density and public transit have a higher impact on voluntary carlessness in Germany than in California. Our results also show that different socio-economic groups have substantially different residential location preferences in Germany and in California. These differences may be explained by cultural preferences, historical differences in land use and transportation policies, and by the higher cost of owning a motor vehicle in Germany.

Suggested Citation
Kathrin Kuhne, Suman K. Mitra and Jean-Daniel M. Saphores (2018) “Without a ride in car country – A comparison of carless households in Germany and California”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 109, pp. 24–40. Available at: 10.1016/j.tra.2018.01.021.

Preprint Journal Article

Modeling and Managing Integrated Power-Mobility Systems: A Macroscopic Approach

Publication Date

September 20, 2022

Associated Project

Author(s)

Jiangbo (Gabe) Yu, Zifan Wang, Anthony Chen

Areas of Expertise

Public Transit, Shared Mobility, & Active Transportation Travel Behavior, Land Use, & the Built Environment
View Preprint Journal Article

Abstract

The environmental and resilience concerns and the potential mass adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) call for managing and operating power-mobility systems (PMS) as a whole. Agent-based and network flow-based modeling methods have proven useful for potential model-based PMS management and operation, but they tend to be heavy in computation, lack intuitive implications of overall PMS dynamics, and are inflexible to the change of the problem scope and resolution. These challenges call for a complementary modeling approach to facilitate model-based large-scale urban PMS decision-making. To this end, we propose a dynamic macroscopic modeling framework for high-level strategic decision-making. The framework contains three main components – power production and delivery, energy exchange interface between power grids and EVs, and EV-involved mobility systems. A case study shows that this approach facilitates tractable and coherent model development with low computational requirements and shows promising benefits of coordinated PMS.

Suggested Citation
Jiangbo (Gabe) Yu, Zhuowei Wang and Anthony Chen (2022) “Modeling and Managing Integrated Power-Mobility Systems: A Macroscopic Approach”. Rochester, NY: SSRN. Available at: 10.2139/ssrn.4223577.

Related Publications

published journal article | Sep 2023

Coordinated flow model for strategic planning of autonomous mobility-on-demand systems
Transportmetrica A: Transport Science

Preprint Journal Article | Feb 2024

Household Activity Pattern Problem with Automated Vehicle-Enabled Intermodal Trips

published journal article | Jan 2025

Household activity pattern problem with automated vehicle-enabled intermodal trips
Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

published journal article | Jul 2022

Private Autonomous Vehicles and Their Impacts on Near-Activity Location Travel Patterns: Integrated Mode Choice and Parking Assignment Model
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board

Preprint Journal Article | Feb 2024

Interpretable State-Space Model of Urban Dynamics for Human-Machine Collaborative Transport Planning

working paper

Location and Transportation Strategies in Public Facility Planning

Publication Date

November 1, 1977

Author(s)

Andrew N. White

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-77-8
View working paper

Abstract

Public facility planning is currently viewed in terms of structuring a service delivery system for optimal provision. Because the spatial process of delivery has been neglected, however, the means of improving service utilization have been narrowly construed as locational in nature. Consequently, facility systems have been modeled and evaluated in terms of supply rather than use, and decentralization has been advocated to the exclusion of alternative spatial patterns. An expanded planning framework regards service delivery as a spatial interaction system and identifies location and transportation as complementary spatial strategies which enhance service utilization and widen the choice of facility pattern. Transportation strategies are more flexible, though, since they directly enhance travel behavior and service accessibility. Moreover, given present planning constraints, transportation strategies have a much wider role to play in improving the effectiveness of future public facility planning and spatial policy. 

Suggested Citation
Andrew N. White (1977) Location and Transportation Strategies in Public Facility Planning. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-77-8. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sr9z05m.

Phd Dissertation

Neural network models for automated detection of lane-blocking incidents on freeways

Publication Date

June 30, 1994

Associated Project

Author(s)

Kelvin Cheu

Areas of Expertise

Intelligent Transportation Systems, Emerging Technologies, & Big Data
View Phd Dissertation

Abstract

A major source of urban freeway delay in the United States is non-recurring congestion caused by incidents such as accidents, disabled vehicles, spilled loads, temporary maintenance and construction activities, signal and detector malfunctions, and other special and unusual events that disrupt the normal flow of traffic. The automated detection of freeway incidents is an important function of a freeway traffic management center. Early detection of incidents is vital for formulating effective response strategies such as timely dispatch of emergency services and incident removal crews, control and routing of traffic around the incident location, and provision of real-time traffic information to motorists. A number of incident detection algorithms, based on conventional approaches, have been developed over the past several decades, and a few of them are being deployed at urban freeway systems in major cities. These conventional algorithms have met with varying degree of success in their detection performance. In this research, a new incident detection technique based on an artificial neural network approach has been proposed. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the use of artificial neural network models for automated detection of lane-blocking incidents on urban freeways. The study focused on the application of neural network models in classifying traffic surveillance data obtained from inductive loop detectors, and the use of the classified output to detect an incident. Three types of neural network models were developed to detect lane-blocking incidents: the multi-layer feed-forward neural network, self-organizing feature map and adaptive resonance theory 2. The models were developed with simulation data from a study site and tested with both simulation and field data at the study site and other locations. The multi-layer feed-forward neural network was found to have the highest potential among the four models to achieve a better incident detection performance. This network consistently detected most of the lane-blocking incidents and gave a false alarm rate lower than the conventional algorithms currently in use. The results have demonstrated the potential of artificial neural network models in improving incident detection performance over currently available techniques.

Suggested Citation
Kelvin Cheu (1994) Neural network models for automated detection of lane-blocking incidents on freeways. PhD Dissertation. UC Irvine. Available at: https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/1go3t9q/alma991035092925704701.

Related Publications

research report | Sep 1993

Neural Network Models For Automated Detection Of Non-recurring Congestion

Phd Dissertation

Activity-based travel demand model with time-use and microsimulation incorporating intra-household interactions

Publication Date

January 1, 2008

Associated Project

Author(s)

Hee-Kyung Kim

Areas of Expertise

Travel Behavior, Land Use, & the Built Environment
View Phd Dissertation

Abstract

The activity-based travel demand model recognizes that travel is derived from the demand for activity participation distributed in space. The focus on intra-household interactions and linkages between people’s behavior and social and physical environment has been identified as emerging features of the activity-based approach that would be important to travel behavior research. The dissertation is dedicated to an in-depth exploration of the within-household interactions by theoretical specification and empirical development of the household activity time allocation models based on a utility maximization framework with the household as the unit of analysis. Furthermore, the dissertation also aims to propose a model of the household activity scheduling process primarily focusing on task allocation mechanisms on the basis of the human agents adjusting themselves to the built social and physical environment. Development of the activity time allocation model in this dissertation includes two types of structural time allocation models. First, the collective models based on two assumptions that household heads have their own utility functions and that decisions by them reach Pareto-efficient outcomes are introduced to develop intra-household activity time allocation models for leisure demand and housework activity. Secondly, intra-household time allocation to housework activity is further examined through the estimation of time allocation to the different types of activities by the different types of household members along with extensive exploration of various theories and identification of related interactions. This dissertation proposes a household activity scheduling process with a model design based on a weekly pattern system, which is expected to keep various advantages compared to a deterministic daily model system. Along with learning and adaptation procedures, the human being as a learning agent is designed to prepare strategic schedules of behavior to achieve individual goals through interactive environments, and implement those plans via activity execution. At the household level, the household and its members as decision agents are also designed to optimize the allocation of the available household labor resource under the presence of the uncertainties of the physical and social environments. After describing the mathematical framework and solution procedure, a simulation experiment is conducted within a hypothetical environment to demonstrate how the proposed model works.

Suggested Citation
Hee-Kyung Kim (2008) Activity-based travel demand model with time-use and microsimulation incorporating intra-household interactions. Ph.D.. University of California, Irvine. Available at: https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/17uq3m8/alma991035093055004701 (Accessed: October 14, 2023).

working paper

Cost-Effectiveness of Emissions Control Strategies for Transit Buses: The Role of Photochemical Pollutants

Publication Date

September 1, 1988

Author(s)

Kenneth Small, Stephenie J. Frederick

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-88-10

Areas of Expertise

Transportation Economics, Funding, & Finance Zero-Emission Vehicles & Low-Carbon Fuels
View working paper

Abstract

We extend a previous cost-effectiveness analysis of methanol versus other means of controlling emissions from urban transit buses, by developing a method to incorporate their effects on two end-product pollutants: ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Using published simulation results from an airshed grid model of ozone formation, we find that the measures we consider have varying effects on ozone at 23 sites in the Los Angeles air basin. The effects are offsetting, leading to a negligible net effect when aggregated across the basin’s population; this is true assuming either that damage is proportional to concentration times population exposed, or that damage is represented by nonlinear concentration-response functions for specific health conditions. In contrast, either low-aromatic diesel fuel or methanol would lower ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide enough, relative to the federal or California ambient standard, to significantly affect cost-effectiveness comparisons.

Suggested Citation
Kenneth A. Small and Stephenie J. Frederick (1988) Cost-Effectiveness of Emissions Control Strategies for Transit Buses: The Role of Photochemical Pollutants. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-88-10. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gc17803.

published journal article

Quantifying the employment accessibility benefits of shared automated vehicle mobility services: Consumer welfare approach using logsums

Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice

Publication Date

November 1, 2020

Associated Project

Author(s)

Tanjeeb Ahmed, Michael Hyland, Navjyoth Sarma, Suman Mitra, Arash Ghaffar

Areas of Expertise

Public Transit, Shared Mobility, & Active Transportation
View published journal article

Abstract

The goal of this study is to assess and quantify the potential employment accessibility benefits of shared-use automated vehicle (AV) mobility service (SAMS) modes across a large diverse metropolitan region considering heterogeneity in the working population. To meet this goal, this study proposes employing a welfare-based (i.e. logsum-based) measure of accessibility, obtained via estimating a hierarchical work destination-commute mode choice model. The employment accessibility logsum measure incorporates the spatial distribution of worker residences and employment opportunities, the attributes of the available commute modes, and the characteristics of individual workers. The study further captures heterogeneity of workers using a latent class analysis (LCA) approach to account for different worker clusters valuing different types of employment opportunities differently, in which the socio-demographic characteristics of workers are the LCA model inputs. The accessibility analysis results in Southern California indicate: (i) the accessibility benefit differences across latent classes are modest but young workers and low-income workers do see higher benefits than high- and middle-income workers; (ii) there are substantial spatial differences in accessibility benefits with workers living in lower density areas benefiting more than workers living in high-density areas; (iii) nearly all the accessibility benefits come from the SAMS-only mode as opposed to the SAMS+Transit mode; and (iv) the SAMS cost per mile assumption significantly impacts the magnitude of the overall employment accessibility benefits.

Suggested Citation
Tanjeeb Ahmed, Michael Hyland, Navjyoth J. S. Sarma, Suman Mitra and Arash Ghaffar (2020) “Quantifying the employment accessibility benefits of shared automated vehicle mobility services: Consumer welfare approach using logsums”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 141, pp. 221–247. Available at: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.09.002.

Related Publications

policy brief | May 2020

Shared Autonomous Mobility Services Show Promise for Increasing Access to Employment in Southern California

research report | Feb 2020

Assessment of the Employment Accessibility Benefits of Shared Autonomous Mobility Services

published journal article

Associations between short-term exposure to wildfire particulate matter and respiratory outcomes: A systematic review

Science of The Total Environment

Publication Date

January 10, 2024

Author(s)

Anqi Jiao, Kathryne Headon, Tianmei Han, Wajeeha Umer, Jun Wu
View published journal article

Abstract

Background The frequency and severity of wildfires have been sharply increasing due to climate change, which largely contributes to ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution. We conducted a systematic review focusing on the short-term relationships between PM attributable to wildfires (wildfire-specific PM) and diverse respiratory endpoints, with a comparison between the effects of wildfire-specific PM vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM. Methods A comprehensive online search for the literature published from 2000 to 2022 was conducted through PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and EMBASE. We applied search terms related to wildfire smoke and respiratory health outcomes. Results In total, 3196 articles were retrieved, and 35 articles were included in this review. Most studies focused on the associations of wildfire-specific PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) with respiratory emergency department visits or hospitalizations, with a time-series or case-crossover study design. Studies were mostly conducted in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Positive associations of wildfire-specific PM with respiratory morbidity were observed in most studies. Studies that focused on respiratory mortality were limited. Females can be more vulnerable to the respiratory impacts of wildfire PM, while the evidence of vulnerable subpopulations among different age groups was inconclusive. Few studies compared the effects of wildfire-specific vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM, and some reported higher levels of toxicity of wildfire-specific PM, potentially due to its distinct chemical and physical compositions. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most studied diseases, and both were adversely affected by wildfire-specific PM. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first review that systematically summarized the associations of wildfire-specific PM exposure with adverse respiratory outcomes and compared associations of wildfire-specific vs. all-source/non-wildfire PM. Further investigations may add to the literature by examining the impacts on respiratory mortality and the effects of specific PM components from different types of wildfires.

Suggested Citation
Anqi Jiao, Kathryne Headon, Tianmei Han, Wajeeha Umer and Jun Wu (2024) “Associations between short-term exposure to wildfire particulate matter and respiratory outcomes: A systematic review”, Science of The Total Environment, 907, p. 168134. Available at: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168134.

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