published journal article
An attitudinal modal choice model
Transportation Research
Publication Date
October 1, 1976
Area of Expertise: Unspecified
published journal article
Designing and managing the supply chain: Concepts, strategies, and case studies
TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE
Publication Date
January 1, 2002
Author(s)
Suggested Citation
A Regan (2002) “Designing and managing the supply chain: Concepts, strategies, and case studies”, TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE, 36(3), p. 354. Available at: 10.1287/trsc.36.3.354.7825.
conference paper
Distributed Radiance Fields for Edge Video Compression and Metaverse Integration in Autonomous Driving
2024 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)
Publication Date
June 1, 2024
Author(s)
Eugen Šlapak, Matúš Dopiriak, Mohammad Al Faruque, Juraj Gazda, Marco Levorato
Abstract
The metaverse is a virtual space that combines physical and digital elements, creating immersive and connected digital worlds. For autonomous mobility, it enables new possibilities with edge computing and digital twins (DTs) that offer virtual prototyping, prediction, and more. DTs can be created with 3D scene reconstruction methods that capture the real world’s geometry, appearance, and dynamics. However, sending data for real-time DT updates in the metaverse, such as camera images and videos from connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to edge servers, can increase network congestion, costs, and latency, affecting metaverse services. Herein, a new method is proposed based on distributed radiance fields (RFs), multi-access edge computing (MEC) network for video compression and metaverse DT updates. RF-based encoder and decoder are used to create and restore representations of camera images. The method is evaluated on a dataset of camera images from the CARLA simulator. Data savings of up to 80% were achieved for H.264 I-frame – P-frame pairs by using RFs instead of I-frames, while maintaining high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) qualitative metrics for the reconstructed images. Possible uses and challenges for the metaverse and autonomous mobility are also discussed.
Suggested Citation
Eugen Šlapak, Matúš Dopiriak, Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque, Juraj Gazda and Marco Levorato (2024) “Distributed Radiance Fields for Edge Video Compression and Metaverse Integration in Autonomous Driving”, in 2024 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP). 2024 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP), pp. 71–76. Available at: 10.1109/SMARTCOMP61445.2024.00031. published journal article
The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism and generalized utility theories: Theoretical predictions and empirical observations
Theory and Decision
Publication Date
March 1, 1993
Author(s)
Robin Keller, Uzi Segal, Tan Wang
Abstract
Karni and Safra [8] prove that the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism reveals a decision maker’s true certainty equivalent of a lottery if and only if he satisfies the independence axiom. Segal [17] claims that this mechanism may reveal a violation of the reduction of compound lotteries axiom. This paper empirically tests these two interpretations. Our results show that the second interpretation fits better with the collected data. Moreover, we show by means of some nonexpected utility examples that these results are consistent with a wide range of functionals.
Suggested Citation
L. Robin Keller, Uzi Segal and Tan Wang (1993) “The Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism and generalized utility theories: Theoretical predictions and empirical observations”, Theory and Decision, 34(2), pp. 83–97. Available at: 10.1007/bf01074895. published journal article
The impact of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and genetic susceptibility on Parkinson’s disease
ISEE Conference Abstracts
Publication Date
August 15, 2024
Author(s)
Dayoon Kwon, Cynthia Kusters, Kimberly Paul, Jun Wu, Jeff Bronstein, Christina Lill, Beate Ritz
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM[|]Although environmental and genetic factors have been linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD), the influence of genetic susceptibility on the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and PD is not well understood.[¤]METHOD[|]Our case-control analysis included 664 PD and 733 population controls, who also provided blood samples. We estimated annual average traffic-related air pollutant concentrations (represented by carbon monoxide; CO) at residential and workplace locations from 1981 to 2016 using the California Line Source Dispersion Model version 4. Long-term exposures were calculated as 10-year averages with a 5-year lag time prior to a PD diagnosis for cases and the interview date for controls and we categorized it as high/low using a median cut. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was computed by summing the effect estimates of well-known risk alleles from existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics with data from individuals genetic array to assess individual genetic risks for PD. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusting for age, race, sex, education, and study wave, for the effect of genetic risk on the association between air pollution exposure and PD risk.[¤]RESULTS[|]The OR for PD among individuals with high PD-PRS risk (> median) and high CO exposure (> median) at residences was 2.55 (95% CI: 1.86, 3.48) and 3.62 (2.11, 6.18) at workplaces compared to individuals with low PD-PRS and low CO. Gene-environment interactions were observed on a multiplicative scale (p = 0.05) at residential locations.[¤]CONCLUSIONS[|]Our findings suggest that a combination of long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic and genetic susceptibility contributes to the risk of developing PD.[¤]
Suggested Citation
Dayoon Kwon, Cynthia Kusters, Kimberly Paul, Jun Wu, Jeff Bronstein, Christina Lill and Beate Ritz (2024) “The impact of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and genetic susceptibility on Parkinson’s disease”, ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2024(1). Available at: 10.1289/isee.2024.1369. published journal article
Operational benefits and challenges of shared-ride automated mobility-on-demand services
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
Publication Date
April 1, 2020
Author(s)
Michael Hyland, Hani Mahmassani
Abstract
This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the operations of shared-ride automated mobility-on-demand services (SRAMODS). The study identifies (i) operational benefits of SRAMODS including improved service quality and/or lower operational costs relative to automated mobility-on-demand services (AMODS) without shared rides; and (ii) challenges associated with operating SRAMODS. The study employs an agent-based stochastic dynamic simulation framework to model the operational problems of AMODS. The agents include automated vehicles (AVs), on-demand user requests, and a central AV fleet controller that can dynamically change the plans (i.e. routes and AV-user assignments) of AVs in real-time using optimization-based control policies. The agent-based simulation tool and AV fleet control policies are used to test the operational performance of AMODS under a variety of scenarios. The first set of scenarios vary user demand and a parameter constraining the maximum user detour distance. Results indicate that even with a small maximum user detour distance parameter value, allowing shared rides significantly improves the operational efficiency of the AV fleet, where the efficiency gains stem from economies of demand density and network effects. The second set of scenarios vary the mean and coefficient of variation of the curbside pickup time parameter; i.e. how long an AV must wait curbside at a user’s pickup location before the user gets inside the AV. Results indicate that increases in mean curbside pickup time significantly degrade operational performance in terms of user in-vehicle travel time and user wait time. The study quantifies the total system (user plus fleet controller) cost as a function of mean curbside pickup time. Finally, the paper provides an extensive discussion of the implications of the quantitative analysis for public-sector transportation planners and policy-makers as well as for mobility service providers.
Suggested Citation
Michael Hyland and Hani S. Mahmassani (2020) “Operational benefits and challenges of shared-ride automated mobility-on-demand services”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 134, pp. 251–270. Available at: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.02.017. published journal article
Real-time traffic measurement from single loop inductive signatures
Transportation Research Record
Publication Date
January 1, 2002
Author(s)
Suggested Citation
Seri Oh, Stephen G. Ritchie and Cheol Oh (2002) “Real-time traffic measurement from single loop inductive signatures”, Transportation Research Record, 1804(1), pp. 98–106. Available at: 10.3141/1804-14. conference paper
New inductive signature data compression and transformation method for online vehicle reidentification
Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting
Publication Date
January 1, 2006
Author(s)
Abstract
Traffic operations field computational resources as well as the bandwidth of field communication links are often quite limited. Accordingly, for on-line implementation of Advanced Transportation Management and Information Systems (ATMIS) strategies, such as vehicle reidentification, there is strong interest in development of field—based techniques and models that can perform satisfactorily while minimizing field computational and communication requirements. A new vehicle reidentification algorithm (REID-2) developed previously by the authors (1) was oriented toward algorithm simplification, but also demonstrated the added benefits of improved performance and much broader potential applicability (to both round and square single inductive loops) compared with earlier methods. However, the basis of REID-2 is directly matching inductive vehicle signatures, which typically consist of 200~1,200 data points (stored as integers, and obtained from IST-222 detector cards) per signature. The purpose of this research was to investigate if a relatively simple data compression and transformation technique could be applied successfully to the raw inductive signatures for each vehicle, and then use the resulting transformed vehicle signatures as inputs to vehicle reidentification. A Piecewise Slope Rate (PSR) approach was used to compress and transform the raw vehicle signatures. The results of this investigation, including sensitivity analyses, vehicle reidentification performance, and the accuracy of section travel time measurement, are very promising and suggest that the reduction in both computational effort and computer memory needed to store individual signatures with this approach could potentially benefit both the field computational and communication requirements needed for real-time implementation of this modified vehicle reidentification technique.
Suggested Citation
Shin-Ting Cindy Jeng and Stephen G Ritchie (2006) “New inductive signature data compression and transformation method for online vehicle reidentification”. Transportation Research Board 85th Annual Meeting. conference paper
On the Vulnerability of Traffic Light Recognition Systems to Laser Illumination Attacks
ISOC Symposium on Vehicle Security and Privacy (VehicleSec). ISOC, San Diego, CA, USA. https://doi. org/10
Publication Date
January 1, 2024
Author(s)
Sri Hrushikesh Varma Bhupathiraju, Takeshi Sugawara, Takami Sato, Qi Alfred Chen, Michael Clifford, Sara Rampazzi
Suggested Citation
Sri Hrushikesh Varma Bhupathiraju, Takeshi Sugawara, Takami Sato, Qi Alfred Chen, Michael Clifford and Sara Rampazzi (2024) “On the Vulnerability of Traffic Light Recognition Systems to Laser Illumination Attacks”, in ISOC Symposium on Vehicle Security and Privacy (VehicleSec). ISOC, San Diego, CA, USA. https://doi. org/10. Available at: https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-content/uploads/vehiclesec2024-24-paper.pdf (Accessed: September 13, 2024). published journal article
Gentrification and neighborhood housing cycles: Will America's future downtowns be rich?
Review of Economics and Statistics
Publication Date
November 1, 2009
Author(s)
Jan Brueckner, Stuart S Rosenthal
Abstract
This paper identifies a new factor, the age of the housing stock, that affects where high- and low-income neighborhoods are located in U.S. cities. High-income households, driven by a high demand for housing services, tend to locate in areas of the city where the housing stock is relatively young. Because cities develop and redevelop from the center outward over time, the location of these neighborhoods varies over the city’s history. The model predicts a suburban location for the rich in an initial period, when young dwellings are found only in the suburbs, while predicting eventual gentrification once central redevelopment creates a young downtown housing stock. Controlling for other determinants of where the poor live (e.g., proximity to amenities and public transit), empirical work indicates that if the influence of spatial variation in dwelling ages were eliminated, central-city/suburban disparities in neighborhood economic status would be reduced by up to 10 percentage points. Model estimates further predict that between 2000 and 2020, central-city/suburban differences in economic status will narrow in cities of all sizes, and especially in the larger metropolitan areas as American cities become more gentrified.