published journal article

A model of scheduling in airline networks: How a hub-and-spoke system affects flight frequency, fares and welfare

Journal of Transport Economics and Policy

Publication Date

January 1, 2001

Author(s)

Jan Brueckner, Yu Zhang

View published journal article

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive economic analysis of scheduling decisions in airline networks. Although it is widely believed that the growth of hub-and-spoke networks has raised flight frequencies, the only analysis of this question is contained in a recent paper by Berechman and Shy (1998), who analyze an incomplete model. The present analysis shows that flight frequency is higher in a hub-and-spoke (HS) network than in a fully-connected (FC) network, confirming the conventional wisdom. Another result is that, despite lower cost per passenger under the HS network, greater flight frequency allows the airline to charge a higher fare to local passengers. This finding suggests that the downward pressure on fares due to economies of density may be partly or fully offset by the effect of higher flight frequency in an HS network, so that the net fare impact of such networks becomes uncertain. Finally, the paper’s welfare analysis shows that the airline provides excessive flight frequency relative to the social optimum, and that it may select the wrong network type.

Suggested Citation

Jan K. Brueckner and Yimin Zhang (2001) “A model of scheduling in airline networks: How a hub-and-spoke system affects flight frequency, fares and welfare”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 35(2), pp. 195–222. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20053867.

working paper

Economic Impacts of the Northridge Earthquake's Transportation Damage: Results from a Survey of Firms

Publication Date

September 1, 1995

Author(s)

Marlon Boarnet, Eugene Kim

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-95-14

Areas of Expertise

Safety, Public Health, & Mobility Justice

View working paper

Abstract

This report summarizes the results of a study into the economic impacts of the transportation damage caused by the January 17, 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The Northridge Earthquake damaged four major freeways in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Even though state and local agencies responded quickly to reroute traffic and rebuild collapsed bridges and overpasses, major interstates were closed for several weeks and, in some cases, months. This research focuses on the effects of those transportation disruptions on business activity.

Suggested Citation

Marlon G. Boarnet and Eugene Jae Kim (1995) Economic Impacts of the Northridge Earthquake's Transportation Damage: Results from a Survey of Firms. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-95-14. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vp8940q.

policy brief

Advancing Community-Identified Strategies to Transform Roadways in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Publication Date

August 19, 2025

Associated Project

Between the Forest and the Trees: Community Strategies to Transform Roadways in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Author(s)

Doug Houston

Areas of Expertise

Safety, Public Health, & Mobility Justice Travel Behavior, Land Use, & the Built Environment

View policy brief

Abstract

Disparities in exposure to roadway hazards (e.g., pollution, noise) remain stubbornly persistent due to structural inequalities embedded in the built environment. Research has consistently documented racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in traffic exposures nationwide, including heightened exposure to heavy-duty truck traffic, a significant source of noise and pollution. Such disparities also exist in the provision of sidewalks, bike lanes, and street trees, which can help mitigate roadway dust, noise, and pollution and can increase pedestrian safety, encourage walking and cycling, and provide health benefits. This publication describes how the research team evaluated opportunities and barriers to using a community steering committee process approach to advance environmental justice and transportation equity. Through interviews and case study analysis, the team examined the role community leaders played in the prioritization and implementation of three community-identified strategies that mitigate roadway hazards in three AB 617 communities in California’s San Joaquin Valley – Stockton, South Central Fresno, and Arvin/Lamont. These strategies include (1) vegetative barriers between roadways and sensitive land uses; (2) expanded sidewalk infrastructure; and (3) revised heavy duty truck route designations.

Suggested Citation

Douglas Houston (2025) Advancing Community-Identified Strategies to Transform Roadways in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Policy Brief. UC ITS. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7922/g29k48kd.

Related Publications

research report | Aug 2025

Between the Forest and the Trees: Community Strategies to Transform Roadways in California’s San Joaquin Valley

published journal article

A GPS data processing framework for analysis of drayage truck tours

Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering

Publication Date

April 1, 2018

Author(s)

Soyoung (Iris) You, Stephen Ritchie

View published journal article

Suggested Citation

Soyoung Iris You and Stephen G. Ritchie (2018) “A GPS data processing framework for analysis of drayage truck tours”, Ksce Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(4), pp. 1454–1465. Available at: 10.1007/s12205-017-0160-6.

Phd Dissertation

Essays on urban transportation and transportation energy policy

Publication Date

January 1, 2008

Author(s)

Chun Kon (Cecilia) Kim

View Phd Dissertation

Abstract

This dissertation outlines three topics on urban transportation energy, emphasizing the role of transportation energy policy, and aims to provide a single comprehensive framework to evaluate and compare different pricing and regulatory policy options for reducing transportation fuel consumption in the United States. In the first chapter, I examine the effect of population density on motor fuel (i.e., highway gasoline) consumption, controlling for other variables such as gas price, income, vehicle stock and so on, using state level aggregate cross-sectional time series data from 1966 to 2004. By estimating the impact of density on fuel consumption, I improve the understanding of the conventional logic that there is a negative correlation between population density and transportation energy use due to reduced average travel distance and availability of alternative modes in denser area. In the second part, I examine various transportation energy policy instruments such as a fuel tax, a mileage based VMT tax, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards, a Pay-at-the-pump (PATP), and a Pay-as-you-drive (PAYD) insurance premium to measure policy impacts through computerized policy simulations. By fully integrating three interrelated economic demand decisions—size of vehicle stock, use of the vehicle stock, and energy efficiency—it can predict short-run, long-run, and dynamic effects of a policy change. The impacts are measured in terms of vehicle miles traveled, fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost savings. I also examine the impact of transportation energy policies on traffic safety in terms of the number of traffic accidents, traffic fatalities, and total accident costs. The outcome of this research provides a set of specific results comparing policy scenarios in a consistent manner. The results will provide guidance concerning whether the policy option would reduce energy dependency as well as undesirable side effects such as environmental problems and safety problems of motor-vehicle travel.

Suggested Citation

Chun Kon Kim (2008) Essays on urban transportation and transportation energy policy. Ph.D.. University of California, Irvine. Available at: https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/1go3t9q/alma991035093292204701 (Accessed: October 13, 2023).

conference paper

Using microscopic simulation to evaluate potential intelligent transportation system strategies under nonrecurrent congestion

INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND VEHICLE-HIGHWAY AUTOMATION 2004

Publication Date

January 1, 2004

Author(s)

LY Chu, HX Liu, Will Recker

Abstract

A microsimulation method is presented for evaluating the effectiveness of potential intelligent transportation system (ITS) strategies under non-recurrent congestion. The evaluated ITS strategies include incident management, adaptive ramp metering, traveler information systems, arterial management, and a combination of those strategies. These strategies are implemented and evaluated over a road network in Irvine, California, with the microsimulation model PARAMICS. The evaluation results show that all ITS strategies have positive effects on network performance. Because of the network topology (one major freeway with two parallel arterial streets), real-time traveler information has the greatest benefits among all single ITS strategies. However, a combination of ITS strategies can further increase benefits.

Suggested Citation

LY Chu, HX Liu and W Recker (2004) “Using microscopic simulation to evaluate potential intelligent transportation system strategies under nonrecurrent congestion”, in INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AND VEHICLE-HIGHWAY AUTOMATION 2004. TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL, pp. 76–84.

published journal article

Expert systems in transportation

Transportation Research Part A: General

Publication Date

January 1, 1990

Author(s)

Stephen Ritchie

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Suggested Citation

Stephen G. Ritchie (1990) “Expert systems in transportation”, Transportation Research Part A: General, 24(1), p. 1. Available at: 10.1016/0191-2607(90)90065-e.

published journal article

A disaggregate model of auto-type choice

Transportation Research Part A: General

Publication Date

February 1, 1979

Author(s)

Charles Lave, Kenneth Train

View published journal article

Abstract

Previous models of auto-type choice have not been able to disentangle very much of the structure of the household’s auto-choice decision: the models assumed that very few auto characteristics affect choice, and often these few parameters were estimated with low precision. Hence the models had only limited use in forecasting the effects of government policies to influence transportation energy consumption. The present paper introduces a multinomial logit model for the type of car that households will choose to buy. The model includes a large variety of auto characteristics as explanatory variables, as well as a large number of characteristics of the household and the driving environment. The model fits the data quite well, and all of the variables enter with the correct signs and plausible magnitudes.

Suggested Citation

Charles A. Lave and Kenneth Train (1979) “A disaggregate model of auto-type choice”, Transportation Research Part A: General, 13(1), pp. 1–9. Available at: 10.1016/0191-2607(79)90081-5.

published journal article

Real-Time Knowledge-Based Integration of Freeway Surveillance Data

Transportation Research Record

Publication Date

January 1, 1990

Author(s)

Neil Prosser, Stephen Ritchie

Suggested Citation

N.A. Prosser and S. G Ritchie (1990) “Real-Time Knowledge-Based Integration of Freeway Surveillance Data”, Transportation Research Record, 1320, pp. 40–46.

conference paper

Fix the leak! an information leakage aware secured cyber-physical manufacturing system

Design, automation & test in europe conference & exhibition (DATE), 2017

Publication Date

March 1, 2017

Author(s)

Sujit Rokka Chhetri, Sina Faezi, Mohammad Al Faruque

View conference paper

Abstract

Cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems consists of tight integration of cyber and physical domains. This results in new cross-domain vulnerabilities that poses unique security challenges. One of the challenges is preventing confidentiality breach due to physical-to-cyber domain attacks, where attackers can analyze various analog emissions from the side-channels to steal the cyber-domain information. This information theft is based on the idea that an attacker can accurately estimate the relation between the analog emissions (acoustics, power, electromagnetic emissions, etc.,) and the cyber-domain data (such as G-code). To obstruct this estimation process, it is crucial to quantize the relation between the analog emissions and the cyber-data, and use it as a metric to generate computer aided manufacturing tools, such as slicing and tool-path generation algorithms, that are aware of these information leakage through the side-channels. In this paper, we present a novel methodology that uses mutual information as a metric to quantize the information leakage from the side-channels, and demonstrates how various design variables (such as object orientation, nozzle velocity, etc.,) can be used in an optimization algorithm to minimize the information leakage. Our methodology integrates this leakage aware algorithms to the state-of-the-art slicing and tool-path generation algorithms and achieves 24.76% average drop in the information leakage through acoustic side-channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates the idea of generating information leakage aware computer aided manufacturing tools for protecting the confidentiality of the manufacturing system.

Suggested Citation

Sujit Rokka Chhetri, Sina Faezi and Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque (2017) “Fix the leak! an information leakage aware secured cyber-physical manufacturing system”, in Design, automation & test in europe conference & exhibition (DATE), 2017. IEEE (Design automation and test in europe conference and exhibition), pp. 1408–1413. Available at: 10.23919/date.2017.7927213.