published journal article
Economic valuation of the taehwa field ecological park: An application of a contingent valuation method with preference uncertainty
journalofenvironmentalpolicy
Publication Date
March 1, 2010
Archives: Research Products
published journal article
ENDOGENOUS SCHEDULING PREFERENCES AND CONGESTION
International Economic Review
Publication Date
May 1, 2017
Author(s)
Mogens Fosgerau, Kenneth Small
Abstract
We consider the timing of activities through a dynamic model of commuting with congestion, in which workers care solely about leisure and consumption. Implicit preferences for the timing of the commute form endogenously due to temporal agglomeration economies. Equilibrium exists uniquely and is indistinguishable from that of a generalized version of the classical Vickrey bottleneck model, based on exogenous trip‐timing preferences, but optimal policies differ: the Vickrey model will misstate the benefits of a capacity increase, it will underpredict the benefits of congestion pricing, and pricing may make people better off even without considering the use of revenues.
Suggested Citation
Mogens Fosgerau and Kenneth Small (2017) “ENDOGENOUS SCHEDULING PREFERENCES AND CONGESTION”, International Economic Review, 58(2), pp. 585–615. Available at: 10.1111/iere.12228. published journal article
Airline alliances, carve-outs and collusion
Review of Network Economics
Publication Date
January 1, 2013
Author(s)
Jan Brueckner, Pierre M. Picard
Suggested Citation
Jan K. Brueckner and Pierre M. Picard (2013) “Airline alliances, carve-outs and collusion”, Review of Network Economics, 12(2), pp. 211–227. Available at: 10.1515/rne-2012-0001. published journal article
Nowhere to go? A study of marginalization, social connection, and mental health outcomes among young adults experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic
Journal of Transport & Health
Publication Date
May 1, 2023
Author(s)
Elisa Borowski, Amanda Stathopoulos
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic onset necessitated large-scale closures of third places, potentially exacerbating social barriers experienced by young adults in the United States. To better understand the role of urban form in facilitating socialization, we examine the effects of pandemic-based third place closures on mental health outcomes as mediated by changes in social connection. Because identifying as a racial, gender, or sexual minority can compound baseline disadvantages rooted in systemic inequities, we investigate outcome differences for non-white, woman/nonbinary, and LGBTQ+ young adults to disentangle identity-based nuances of the pandemic experience. Methods In February 2021, we administered a web-based survey with retrospective name and place generators to 313 18-to-34-year-olds in California, Illinois, and Texas. A structural equation model is estimated showing the direct and indirect effects of physical and virtual mobility constraints on mental health. Results Both the closure of third places and dissatisfaction with alternative social spaces are associated with the deterioration of social connections and mental health. The strongest direct predictor of mental health decline is dissatisfaction with virtual socialization (more significant for women and nonbinary respondents). Surprisingly, two distinct categories of third places (i.e., ‘civic’ and ‘commercial’) reveal different relationships with social connections and mental health outcomes. Asian, other non-white, and non-heterosexual young adults experienced greater ‘civic’ visit reduction, while those with intersecting identities of low income and woman/nonbinary or Black experienced greater ‘commercial’ visit reduction. Conclusions Physical and virtual mobility reductions contributed to the inequitable mental health outcomes experienced by young adults during the pandemic. This highlights the potential for a careful redesign of physical and virtual social spaces to support feelings of belonging/safety and spontaneous ‘weak tie’ interactions, encourages further investigation of social infrastructure’s role in facilitating the maintenance of social connections and mental health, and reveals the value of examining differences in mobility-related experiences across social identities.
Suggested Citation
Elisa Borowski and Amanda Stathopoulos (2023) “Nowhere to go? A study of marginalization, social connection, and mental health outcomes among young adults experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic”, Journal of Transport & Health, 30, p. 101589. Available at: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101589.
Phd Dissertation
An interactive simulation approach to systematically evaluate the impacts of real-time traffic condition information on driver behavioral choice
Areas of Expertise
Abstract
This dissertation proposes a theoretical methodology and practical data collection approach for modeling enroute driver behavior and explaining drivers’ decisions to divert and acquire real-time traffic condition information. Limited real-world implementation of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) technologies has made it difficult to analyze the potential impact on driver behavior. It is contended here that in-laboratory experimentation with interactive simulation can provide a novel and effective approach to data collection and driver behavior analyses. The theoretical framework is based on conflict assessment and resolution theories and describes changes in enroute behavior as a response to drivers’ perceived inability to achieve travel objectives. Conflict is modeled as a latent theoretical concept that describes increased frustration and anxiety experienced by drivers when expected conditions are deteriorating and the desired travel objectives may not be achieved. Motivation to decrease conflict provides the impetus for drivers to adapt enroute behavior by diverting, acquiring additional information, or revising the travel objectives. A case study to examine special event traffic was conducted and several modeling techniques were used to systematically evaluate enroute behavior and the potential impacts of ATIS. Data collection is accomplished through FASTCARS, a computer-based interactive simulation designed to simulate driver decisions and emulate ATIS technologies. Initial empirical results from the analyses are presented to verify the theoretical formulation and modeling strategies.
Suggested Citation
Jeff Adler (1993) An interactive simulation approach to systematically evaluate the impacts of real-time traffic condition information on driver behavioral choice. PhD Dissertation. UC Irvine. Available at: https://uci.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01CDL_IRV_INST/u4evf/cdi_proquest_journals_304046174.Related Publications
Phd Dissertation |
Jun 1993
Commuting behavior of two-worker households in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area
Phd Dissertation |
Jun 1995
Citizens near the path of least resistance: Travel behavior of Century Freeway corridor residents
Phd Dissertation |
Jun 1995
A microsimulation model for evaluating the environmental impact of alternative-fuel vehicles
Phd Dissertation |
Jun 1996
An Activity-Based Approach to Accessibility
published journal article
Automatic identification of near-stationary traffic states based on the PELT changepoint detection
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological
Publication Date
February 1, 2018
Author(s)
Suggested Citation
Qinglong Yan, Zhe Sun, Qijian Gan and Wen-Long Jin (2018) “Automatic identification of near-stationary traffic states based on the PELT changepoint detection”, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 108, pp. 39–54. Available at: 10.1016/j.trb.2017.12.007. working paper
The Four Step Model
Publication Date
December 1, 2000
Author(s)
Working Paper
UCI-ITS-WP-00-17, UCI-ITS-AS-WP-00-5
Areas of Expertise
Abstract
The history of demand modeling for person travel has been dominated by the modeling approach which has come to be referred to as the four step model, or henceforth, 4SM (see Chapter 1). Travel, always viewed in theory as derived from the demand for activity participation, in practice has been modeled with trip-based rather than activity-based methods. Trip origin-destination (OD) rather than activity surveys form the principle database. The influence of activity characteristics decreases, and that of trip characteristics increases, as the conventional forecasting sequence proceeds. The application of this modeling approach is near universal, as in large measure are its criticisms (these inadequacies are well documented, for example, by McNally and Recker, 1986). The current 4SM might best be viewed in two stages. In the first stage, various characteristics of the traveler and the land use – activity system (and to a varying degree, the transportation system) are “evaluated, calibrated, and validated” to produce a non-equilibrated measure of travel demand (or trip tables). In the second stage, this demand is loaded onto the transportation network in a process than amounts to formal equilibration of route choice only, not of other choice dimensions such as destination, mode, time-of-day, or whether to travel at all (feedback to prior stages has often been introduced, but not in a consistent and convergent manner). Although this approach has been moderately successful in the aggregate, it has failed to perform in most relevant policy tests, whether on the demand or supply side.
Suggested Citation
Michael G. McNally (2000) The Four Step Model. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-00-17, UCI-ITS-AS-WP-00-5. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zb9n444. working paper
Charge It: The Promise of Plug-in Electric Hybrids
Publication Date
July 1, 2010
Author(s)
Areas of Expertise
Abstract
This study found that plug-in hybrids can significantly reduce emissions and energy consumption in urban settings where average trip distances are fairly short. The ability of plug-in hybrids to deliver environmental benefits will rely heavily on initiatives that reduce charging times and provide wider opportunities for charging outside the home. in this regard, we recommend enacting policies that 1) encourage affordable conversion from 120-volt to 240-volt charging at home and 2) provide for installation of 240-volt charging facilities at public and private parking facilities adjacent to major activity centers, like shopping malls and rail transit stations.
published journal article
Negative campaigning in a probabilistic voting model
Public Choice
Publication Date
August 1, 2015
Author(s)
Jan Brueckner, Kangoh Lee
Abstract
This paper extends the small existing theoretical literature on negative campaigning, building on work by Harrington and Hess (Games Econ Behav 17: 209-229, 1996). While their analysis explores the determinants of negative campaign spending using a classic spatial voting model, this paper relies instead on a probabilistic votingmodel, extending the use of this popular model to a new setting. The main lesson of the analysis is that negative campaign spending is higher for the relatively more-centrist candidate. The more-extreme candidate in the electoral contest devotes, by contrast, comparatively more of her funds to positive campaign spending. This result, which at first appears unrelated to the main findings of Harrington and Hess (Games Econ Behav 17: 209-229, 1996) and Chakrabarti (Scottish J Polit Econ 54: 136-149, 2007), actually can be viewed as aligning with their conclusions, although the underlying mechanics are very different. The paper also offers an empirical test of this prediction.
Suggested Citation
Jan K. Brueckner and Kangoh Lee (2015) “Negative campaigning in a probabilistic voting model”, Public Choice, 164(3-4), pp. 379–399. Available at: 10.1007/s11127-015-0283-6. working paper
Travel-Time Uncertainty, Departure Time Choice, and the Cost of the Morning Commute
Publication Date
September 5, 1995
Associated Project
Author(s)
Abstract
We extend existing models of the commuting time-of-day choice in order to analyze the effect of uncertain travel times. Travel time includes a time-varying congestion component and a random element specified by a probability distribution. We compare results from the uniform and exponential probability distributions and derive the optimal “head start” time that the commuter chooses to account for travel time variability; i.e., a safety margin that determines the probability of arriving late for work. Our model includes a one-time lateness penalty for arriving late as well as the per minute penalties for early and late arrival that other investigators have included. It also generalizes earlier work by accounting for the time variation in the predictable component of congestion, which interacts with uncertainty in interesting ways. A brief numerical analysis of the model reveals that uncertainty can account for a large proportion of the costs of the morning commute.
Suggested Citation
Robert B. Noland and Kenneth A. Small (1995) Travel-Time Uncertainty, Departure Time Choice, and the Cost of the Morning Commute. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-95-1. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5417r5t2.Related Publications
working paper |
Jan 1999
The Determinants of Growth of Employment Subcenters
working paper |
Dec 1994
Hazard Models of Changing Household Demographics
working paper |
Sep 1994
Population and Employment Densities: Structure and Change
working paper |
Oct 1993