Preprint Journal Article

Work-from-Home and Cities: An Elementary Spatial Model

Publication Date

January 1, 2024

Author(s)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the urban impacts of hybrid WFH in the simplest possible model, relying on Leontief utility and production functions and other simplifying assumptions. The analysis shows that introduction of WFH raises both the wage and land consumption of households while shrinking the size of the business district and reducing business land rent. When WFH requires home work-space, the city’s overall spatial size increases, with residential rents rising in the suburbs while falling near the center. The decline in business rent and the rotation of the residential rent contour match empirical evidence showing that WFH reduces office-building values and flattens the residential rent gradient.

Suggested Citation
Jan K. Brueckner (2024) “Work-from-Home and Cities: An Elementary Spatial Model”. Rochester, NY: SSRN. Available at: 10.2139/ssrn.4842088.

published journal article

The causal influences of income and car ownership on trip generation by mode

Journal of Transport Economics and Policy

Publication Date

January 1, 1989

Author(s)

Abstract

A simultaneous equations model is developed to explain car ownership and trip generation by mode at the household level. The data are from three years of a panel survey conducted in the Netherlands. The variables are household income, treated in three dummy variables to represent four income classes: number of cars; and trips per person by three modes: car, public transport and bicycle. Each equation in the simultaneous system represents the direct effect of one variable upon another, and all variables with the exception of the income variables are endogenous. The principal results are that income effects on car demand are channelled exclusively through car ownership, and that car ownership and car travel explain a significant portion of public transport and bicycle demand. However, there are also direct links from income to public transport and bicycle demand. In particular, public transport trip making is shown to be an increasing function of income, controlling for differences in car ownership. Moreover, higher public transport mobility implies higher car mobility, all other effects equal. Tests of the temporal stability of the causal structure showed that it changed over the years 1984, 1985, and 1986. The income-car ownership relationship is the least temporally stable of all the relationships covered by the model. /// Ein simultanes Gleichungsmodell wird entwickelt, um auf Haushaltsebene die Nachfrage nach Autos und die Fahrtenhäufigkeit zu erklären. Die Daten stammen von einer dreijährigen “Panel”-Untersuchung in den Niederlanden. Die Variablen sind zum einen das Haushaltseinkommen, das mit drei Scheinvariablen ausgedrückt wird, um vier Einkommensklassen zu beschreiben, sowie zum anderen die Anzahl der Fahrzeuge und schließlich die Fahrtenhäufigkeit je Person, untergliedert nach PKW, öffentlicher Personenverkehr und Fahrrad. Jede Gleichung im simultanen System gibt die direkte Auswirkung jeder Variablen auf die andere wider. Alle Variablen, abgesehen von der Einkommensvariable, sind endogen. Die wichtigsten Resultate zeigen, daß die Einkommenseffekte auf die Nachfrage nach PKW ausschließlich durch den PKW-Besitz kanalisiert werden, und daß der Fahrzeugbesitz und die Fahrtenhäufigkeit einen beträchtlichen Teil der Nachfrage nach öffentlichen Verkehrsleistungen und Fahrrädern erklären. Jedoch bestehen auch direkte Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Einkommen und der Nachfrage nach öffentlichen Verkehrsleistungen und Fahrrädern vor. Die Nutzung des öffentlichen Verkehrs ist eine positiv-steigende Funktion des Einkommens, wobei die Unterschiede beim Fahrzeugbesitz eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Darüberhinaus impliziert eine höhere Mobilität des öffentlichen Personenverkehrs c.p. eine höhere Fahrzeugmobilität. Analysen der temporalen Stabilität der Kausalzusammenhänge verdeutlichten, daß Veränderungen in den Jahren 1984, 1985 und 1986 stattgefunden haben. Das Verhältnis Einkommen zu Fahrzeugbesitz zeigte sich als das Verhältnis mit der geringsten temporalen Stabilität aller im Modell erfaßten Verhältnisse. /// Un modèle d’équations simultanées est développé pour expliquer la propriété de voitures et la génération de voyages selon les modes au niveau domestique. Les chiffres sont recueillis sur trois ans par une commission d’enquête aux Pays-Bas. Les variables sont les revenus domestiques, traités en trois variables “dummy” pour représenter quatre catégories de classes de revenus: le nombre de voitures et les voyages par personne selon trois modes: la voiture, les transports publics et la bicyclette. Chaque équation dans le système simultané représente l’effet direct de l’une de ces variables sur une autre, et toutes les variables à l’exception des variables de revenus, sont endogènes. Les résultats principaux montrent que les effets de revenus sur la demande automobile sont dirigés exclusivement par la propriété de voitures, et que la propriété de voitures et les voyages en voitures représentent une portion significative de la demande pour les transports publics et pour la bicyclette. Cependant, il y a aussi des liens directs entre le revenu et la demande pour la bicyclette et pour les transports publics. En particulier le fait de faire des voyages en transports publics s’avère être une fonction grandissante du revenu, quand les différences dans la propriété des voitures sont contrôlées. De plus, une plus grande mobilité des transports publics implique une plus grande mobilité de propriété de voitures, tous les autres effets restant égaux. Des analyses quant à la stabilité temporelle de la structure causale montraient que cela avait changé au courant des années 1984, 1985 et 1986. De toutes les relations couvertes par le modèle, revenu-propriété de voitures est la relation la moins temporellement stable. /// Se desarrolla un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas para explicar la propiedad de automóviles y la generación de viajes según modo por familias. Los datos provienen de una encuesta longitudinal de 3 años realizada en Holanda. Las variables son la renta familiar, explicada por 3 variables ficticias que representan cuatro escalas de renta, número de automóviles, y viajes por persona según tres modos: automóvil, transporte público y bicicleta. Cada ecuación en el sistema simultáneo representa el efecto directo de una variable sobre otra, y todas las variables son endógenas, a excepción de las variables renta. Los resultados más importantes son que los efectos renta sobre la demanda de automóviles se canalizan exclusivamente a través de la propiedad de automóviles, y que la propiedad de automóviles y viajes en automóvil explican una proporción significativa de la demanda de transporte público y demanda de bicicletas. Sin embargo, también hay una conexión directa entre renta y demanda de transporte público y de bicicletas. En concreto, se demuestra que el conjunto de viajes realizados en transporte público es una función directa de la renta, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias en la propiedad de automóviles. Además, mayor movilidad de transporte público significa mayor movilidad del automóvil, manteniendo iguales los demás efectos. Los tests de estabilidad temporal de la estructura causal muestran que dicha estructura cambió durante los años 1984, 1985 y 1986. La relación renta-propiedad de automóviles es la temporalmente menos estable de todas las relaciones contempladas en el modelo.

Suggested Citation
Thomas F. Golob (1989) “The causal influences of income and car ownership on trip generation by mode”, Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 23(2), pp. 141–162. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20052879.

conference paper

Schemes to expand origin-destination estimation results for microscopic simulation to an extended network

Proceedings of the 94th annual meeting of the transportation research board

Publication Date

January 1, 2015

Abstract

Origin-Destination (OD) demand estimation is often the most time consuming part of data preparation for simulating real-world networks. This paper presents a new scheme to incrementally augment an existing network when the simulation area has to be expanded without having to repeat the OD estimation process from scratch. The proposed scheme does not substantially change the demand inputs into the existing portion of the network while the demand tables are estimated for calibration of the newly added areas, thus speeding up the preparation of the simulation model. The authors illustrate their approach on a large network constructed to model traffic between the combined Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and downtown Los Angeles.

Suggested Citation
Ankoor Bhagat, Ke Wang, R. Jayakrishnan and Jean-Daniel Saphores (2015) “Schemes to expand origin-destination estimation results for microscopic simulation to an extended network”, in Proceedings of the 94th annual meeting of the transportation research board, p. 16p.

published journal article

The housing divide: How generations of immigrants fare in New York's housing market

HOUSING STUDIES

Publication Date

January 1, 2007

Author(s)

Suggested Citation
Victoria Basolo (2007) “The housing divide: How generations of immigrants fare in New York's housing market”, HOUSING STUDIES, 22(5), pp. 857–858. Available at: 10.1080/02673030701474818.

presentation

Periodicity Detection of Simulated Traffic Data and Calibration of Network Fundamental Diagrams in Signalized Road Networks

Publication Date

January 1, 2021

Author(s)

Suggested Citation
Ximeng Fan and Wenlong Jin (2021) “Periodicity Detection of Simulated Traffic Data and Calibration of Network Fundamental Diagrams in Signalized Road Networks”.

published journal article

Essays in honor of Kenneth a. Small

Journal of Urban Economics

Publication Date

September 1, 2007

Author(s)

Suggested Citation
Jan K. Brueckner (2007) “Essays in honor of Kenneth a. Small”, Journal of Urban Economics, 62(2), p. 161. Available at: 10.1016/j.jue.2007.07.001.

conference paper

A model-based design of cyber-physical energy systems

2014 19th asia and south pacific design automation conference (ASP-DAC)

Publication Date

January 1, 2014

Author(s)

Mohammad Al Faruque, Fereidoun Ahourai
Suggested Citation
Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque and Fereidoun Ahourai (2014) “A model-based design of cyber-physical energy systems”, in 2014 19th asia and south pacific design automation conference (ASP-DAC). IEEE, pp. 97–104. Available at: 10.1109/aspdac.2014.6742873.

published journal article

Stochastic modeling and real-time prediction of vehicular lane-changing behavior

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

Publication Date

January 1, 2001
Suggested Citation
Jiuh-Biing Sheu and Stephen G. Ritchie (2001) “Stochastic modeling and real-time prediction of vehicular lane-changing behavior”, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 35(7), pp. 695–716.

published journal article

Adaptive Data Fusion for State Estimation and Control of Power Grids Under Attack

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

Publication Date

September 1, 2024

Author(s)

Trier Mortlock, Mohammad Al Faruque

Abstract

Current power system state estimation and control methods are susceptible to false data injection attacks (FDIAs), which introduce faulty measurements throughout the grid that decrease grid stability. Fusing sensor measurements can reduce errors in state estimation, and data-driven approaches have been increasingly used for defense against FDIAs. However, current methods often lack adaptability and focus only on detection while failing to address attack effects on estimation and control. This work proposes AstroFusion, an adaptive data fusion framework that makes power grid state estimation and control more resilient to attacks. AstroFusion employs deep multilayer perceptrons to identify which sensors may be under attack and adaptively selects from an ensemble of data-driven models to improve the state estimation. This work is the first to characterize the performance of autonomous power grid controllers in the presence of varying attacks. Results are shown on IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 36-bus, and IEEE 118-bus systems.

Suggested Citation
Trier Mortlock and Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque (2024) “Adaptive Data Fusion for State Estimation and Control of Power Grids Under Attack”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 20(9), pp. 11115–11126. Available at: 10.1109/TII.2024.3399885.

published journal article

Exploring the relationship between data aggregation and predictability to provide better predictive traffic information

Transportation Research Record

Publication Date

January 1, 2005
Suggested Citation
Cheol Oh, Stephen G. Ritchie and Jun-Seok Oh (2005) “Exploring the relationship between data aggregation and predictability to provide better predictive traffic information”, Transportation Research Record, 1935(1), pp. 28–36. Available at: 10.1177/0361198105193500104.