working paper

Economic and Occupational Causes of Transit Operator Absenteeism: A Review of Research

Publication Date

March 1, 1984

Author(s)

Lyn Long, James Perry

Working Paper

UCI-ITS-WP-84-3

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Abstract

Transit operator absence from work is a costly and pervasive problem within public transport organizations. This paper reviews over forty international studies in order to document significant factors related to this phenomenon. We begin with a brief assessment of the magnitude and costs of operator absence and isolate two major theories which have been proposed to explain operator absence behavior: the income-leisure tradeoff and occupational stress. Case study reports from three U.S. public transport organizations are used to illustrate the range of factors which influence employee absence behavior. We conclude with suggestions for organizational changes which may serve to reduce operator absence and suggestions for further research.

Suggested Citation

Lyn Long and James L. Perry (1984) Economic and Occupational Causes of Transit Operator Absenteeism: A Review of Research. Working Paper UCI-ITS-WP-84-3. Institute of Transportation Studies, Irvine. Available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46s54575.

conference paper

Integrating a smith predictor into ramp metering control of freeways

Proceedings of the 96th annual meeting of the transportation research board

Publication Date

January 1, 2017

Author(s)

Felipe De Souza, Wenlong Jin

Abstract

Ramp metering on freeways is one, among many others, application in which a proportional-integral (PI)-Controller has been successfully used to keep the system at a desired state. However, the design becomes challenging if the system presents a dead time restricting the stability region and affecting performance. The cause of the dead time is the distance between the on-ramp and the lane drop. A change in the control action affects the system after the time taken to vehicles travel this distance. There are a vast literature in the control theory addressing the effects of dead time and techniques to overcome it, but it is not to ramp metering control. In this study, a dynamic model of the system is presented along with ALINEA, an established Ramp Metering control algorithm based on a PI-Controller. The authors show that by incorporating a Smith Predictor into ALINEA, the stability region becomes larger, insensitive to the dead time, and can be found analytically. Numerical experiments confirm the analysis and that the proposed controller still presents a larger stability region even when there are modeling errors, allowing a faster response to disturbance.

Suggested Citation

Felipe Augusto de Souza and Wenlong Jin (2017) “Integrating a smith predictor into ramp metering control of freeways”, in Proceedings of the 96th annual meeting of the transportation research board, p. 20p.

published journal article

Partial fiscal decentralization

Regional Science and Urban Economics

Publication Date

January 1, 2009

Author(s)

Jan Brueckner

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Abstract

The fiscal decentralization impulse now sweeping the world often leads to partial decentralization, where subnational governments are funded by central transfers. rather than leading to full local autonomy. Despite the practical important of this arrangement, the literature contains no economic analysis of a partial decentralization regime in a Tiebout-style model. This paper provides such an analysis, relying on the key assumption that public-good provision requires effort on the part of government officials. By choosing different degrees of effort, localities can then provide different public-good levels even when a fixed, common transfer constrains them to spend the same amount. A number of useful results are derived. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Suggested Citation

Jan K. Brueckner (2009) “Partial fiscal decentralization”, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 39(1), pp. 23–32. Available at: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.001.

published journal article

Performance Evaluation for Discretionary Grant Transit Programs

Transportation Research Record

Publication Date

January 1, 1981

Author(s)

Gordon (Pete) Fielding, William Lyons

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Abstract

Discretionary grant programs have been popular with state legislatures as a mechanism for extending the benefits of transit programs to small cities and rural areas as well as for stimulating innovations in urban areas. This article analyzes state discretionary grant transit programs in California and Minnesota by using the criterion of effective administration. The purpose is to develop a framework for understanding administrative problems that result when state discretionary transit programs do not have adequate objectives. Without explicit objectives, selection, monitoring, evaluation, and overall management are weak. Project performance is reduced and scarce public funds are wasted. Recommendations include the following: (a) legislatures should make explicit the mission and goals of discretionary programs, (b) administrative agencies should define measurable objectives and administrative guidelines, and (c) local grant recipients should be granted funds only after specific objectives and performance standards have been presented.

Suggested Citation

Gordon Fielding and William Lyons (1981) “Performance Evaluation for Discretionary Grant Transit Programs”, Transportation Research Record, (797), pp. 34--40. Available at: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/trr/1981/797/797-009.pdf.

published journal article

Impact of Flight Trajectory Design on Performance and Noise for Advanced Air Mobility Aircraft

Publication Date

December 16, 2025

Author(s)

Victoria Pellerito Gonzalez, Seraphin Yeung, Jacqueline (Jacquie) Huynh, R. John Hansman

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Abstract

A broad range of advanced air mobility (AAM) aircraft are currently in development, each with varying community noise footprints and energy consumption depending on the specifics of their departure and arrival flight trajectories, which must be understood for effective airspace integration. This work presents a framework for analyzing AAM trajectory design, focusing on key performance characteristics, including community noise impact, energy consumption, and flight duration. The framework can be applied to diverse AAM vehicle types, as demonstrated in this work on a blown-flap short takeoff and landing vehicle, a tilt-rotor vertical takeoff and landing vehicle, and a lift-plus-cruise vertical takeoff and landing vehicle. Results of comparing various takeoff procedures for each vehicle show tradeoffs between community noise, energy consumption, and flight duration, highlighting the importance of strategic trajectory design.

conference paper

Self-secured control with anomaly detection and recovery in automotive cyber-physical systems

2019 design, automation & test in europe conference & exhibition (DATE)

Publication Date

March 1, 2019

Author(s)

Korosh Vatanparvar, Mohammad Al Faruque

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Suggested Citation

Korosh Vatanparvar and Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque (2019) “Self-secured control with anomaly detection and recovery in automotive cyber-physical systems”, in 2019 design, automation & test in europe conference & exhibition (DATE). IEEE. Available at: 10.23919/date.2019.8714833.

published journal article

Dynamic yield management when aircraft assignments are subject to swap

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

Publication Date

August 1, 2006

Author(s)

Xiubin Wang, Amelia Regan

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Suggested Citation

Xiubin Wang and Amelia Regan (2006) “Dynamic yield management when aircraft assignments are subject to swap”, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 40(7), pp. 563–576. Available at: 10.1016/j.trb.2005.08.003.

book/book chapter

Multiply-imputed sampling weights for consistent inference with panel attrition

Publication Date

January 1, 1997

Author(s)

David Brownstone, Xuehao Chu

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Suggested Citation

David Brownstone and Xuehao Chu (1997) “Multiply-imputed sampling weights for consistent inference with panel attrition”, in Transportation research, economics and policy. Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 259–273. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2642-8_10.

published journal article

Hypercongestion in downtown metropolis

Journal of Urban Economics

Publication Date

July 1, 2013

Author(s)

Mogens Fosgerau, Kenneth Small

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Suggested Citation

Mogens Fosgerau and Kenneth A. Small (2013) “Hypercongestion in downtown metropolis”, Journal of Urban Economics, 76, pp. 122–134. Available at: 10.1016/j.jue.2012.12.004.

published journal article

Norm approximation method for handling traffic count inconsistencies in path flow estimator

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

Publication Date

September 1, 2009

Author(s)

Anthony Chen, Piya Chootinan, Will Recker

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Suggested Citation

Anthony Chen, Piya Chootinan and Will Recker (2009) “Norm approximation method for handling traffic count inconsistencies in path flow estimator”, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 43(8-9), pp. 852–872. Available at: 10.1016/j.trb.2009.02.007.