Abstract

Although construction equipment generates 2% to 3% of total GHG emissions in California, the construction sector lags behind other industries for decarbonization, primarily due to the systemic challenges of delivering high-capacity electric power to temporary and remote jobsites. This study investigates the primary infrastructure, regulatory, and economic barriers to construction site electrification while exploring technological and policy solutions. Using a multi-faceted approach, the research conducted a literature review, interviewed California Electric Load-Serving Entities, and analyzed emerging mobile charging technologies. Findings indicate that utility support varies by institutional model; municipal utilities often manage requests more efficiently than larger investor-owned utilities, which face complex regulatory hurdles. Key obstacles include local grid capacity limitations, long lead times and high costs for distribution upgrades, and high capital costs for electric machinery. Since the immediate benefits of electrification—the elimination of tailpipe emissions and significant noise reduction—are most impactful in densely populated urban areas, electrification should be prioritized in these areas with quiet zones and low-emission construction zones coupled with subsidies to absorb the cost of bringing electric infrastructure to these sites. Alternative power solutions such as mobile battery energy storage systems (BESSs), hydrogen fuel cell generators, and solar-powered units could help other construction sites. A successful transition requires a coordinated framework involving streamlined permitting, technical guidance for emerging infrastructure, and targeted financial support to lower costs and improve local air quality.